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═EMORY ═AP 6-3 $8╞ ┴ COPY OF LOCATION $8┼ WITH THE CLOCK AND DATA LINES SET. $6000-$7╞3╞ ╙├╥┼╬2 ╙ECONDARY HIRES SCREEN, USED AS A BACKUP FOR ERASING MENUS AND WINDOWS. $7900-$7╞╞╞ ╨RINTER DRIVER ADDRESS; SEE PRINTER DRIVER DEFINITIONS $7900 ═ASTER RESET FOR A PRINTER DRIVER $7903 ╙ELECT PRINTER TO BEGIN TO PRINT AN IMAGE $7906 ╧UTPUT LINE OF IMAGE $7909 ├LOSE PRINTER, END AN IMAGE $790├ ╥ETURN HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF PRINTED PAGE $790╞ ╨RINTER DRIVER'S NAME AS A TEXT STRING $8000-$80╞╞ ┬╒╞0 ─ISK BUFFER #0 $8100-$81╞╞ ┬╒╞1 ─ISK BUFFER #1, ╔NFO SECTOR $8200-$82╞╞ ┬╒╞2 ─ISK BUFFER #2, ─IRECTORY WORK AREA $8300-$83╞╞ ┬╒╞3 ─ISK BUFFER #3, ╘ABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS $8400-$841─ ─┼╬╘╥┘ ├URRENT DIRECTORY ENTRY, SET UP BY ╠╧╧╦╒╨ $841┼-$842╞ ─╬┴═┼0 ╬AME OF DISK IN DRIVE 0 (DEVICE 8) $8430-$8441 ─╬┴═┼1 ╬AME OF DISK IN DRIVE 1 (DEVICE 9) $8442-$8453 ─╬┴═┼2 ╬AME OF DISK IN DRIVE 2 (DEVICE 10) $8454-$8465 ─╬┴═┼3 ╬AME OF DISK IN DRIVE 3 (DEVICE 11) $8466-$8488 ╒NUSED $8486 ┬╧╧╘─╓ ╨OINT TO INDEX FROM TO REACH $848┼ $8489 ├╒╥─╥╓ ├URRENT DRIVE'S DEVICE NUMBER $848┴ ─╥╓╞╠╟ ╨OINT TO INDEX FROM TO REACH $8492 $848┬ ╞╧╥═┴╘ ╞ORMAT FLAG OF CURRENT DISK, $00 - ╟┼╧╙ FORMAT $╞╞ - ╬ON-╟┼╧╙ DISKETTE $848├ ╙╦┼╫ ╙KEW FACTOR FOR DISKETTE OPERATIONS $848─ ╬╒═─╥╓ ╬UMBER OF DRIVE IN THE SYSTEM $848┼-$8491 ╟┼╧╙ USES THIS TABLE TO DESIGNATE THE BOOT DRIVE, BY PLACING A $01 IN THE LOCATION CORRESPONDING TO THE BOOT DRIVE. ╘HIS TABLE IS REACHED BY INDEXING OFF OF $8486 WITH THE DEVICE NUMBER. $8492-$8495 ─RIVE STATUS BYTES, INDEXED FROM $848┴ WITH THE DEVICE NUMBER. ┬IT 7 - ╘URBODOS IS LOADED ┬IT 6 - ╘URBODOS IS RUNNING $8496 ├╚┴╔╬ ├URRENT ╓╠╔╥ CHAIN NUMBER $8497 ╬├╚┴╔╬ ╬UMBER OF ╓╠╔╥ CHAINS IN THE OPEN FILE $8498 ═╧─╞╠╟ ═ODIFIED FLAG, SET TO $╞╞ IF THE OPEN ╓╠╔╥ FILE HAS BEEN CHANGED; $00 OTHERWISE $8499-$849┴ ╓╙╔┌┼ ╓╠╔╥ FILE SIZE $849┬-$849├ ╔═┴╔╬ ╓ECTOR FOR USER ADDITIONS TO THE ╟┼╧╙ MAIN LOOP $849─-$849┼ ╔╟╔╥╤ ╓ECTOR FOR ╟┼╧╙'S ╔╥╤ ROUTINE $849╞-$84┴0 ╔╒╔╥╤ ╓ECTOR FOR A USER'S ADDITIONS TO THE ╔╥╤ ROUTINE $84┴1-$84┴2 ╔┬╒╘╧╬ ╓ECTOR FOR BUTTON STATUS CHANGES ═EMORY ═AP 6-4 $84┴3-$84┴4 ╔├╥╚╔╘ ╓ECTOR FOR CARRIAGE RETURN ENTERED FROM THE KEYBOARD $84┴5-$84┴6 ╔═╙─╔╥ ╓ECTOR FOR MOUSE DIRECTION CHANGE $84┴7-$84┴8 ╔├╠╙═╬ ╓ECTOR TO CLOSE A MENU $84┴9-$84┴┴ ╔┴├╘╧╬ ╘HIS VECTOR IS USED FOR A LOT OF THINGS THAT REQUIRE AN ACTION TO BE PERFORMED. ╘HESE ITEMS INCLUDE: A CHARACTER WAS TYPED, THE BUTTON WAS RELEASED, THE BUTTON WAS PRESSED AND EITHER THE MOUSE WAS VISIBLE OR ┬IT 5 OF ═╙╞╠┴╟ (LOCATION $30) WAS SET. $84┴┬-$84┴├ ╔═┴╥╟╬ ╓ECTOR FOR MARGINS EXCEEDED $84┴─-$84┴┼ ╔┴╠┴╥═ ╓ECTOR FOR THE ALARM CLOCK ROUTINE $84┴╞-$84┬0 ╔┬╥╦ ╓ECTOR FOR THE ┬╥╦ INSTRUCTION, INITIALLY THIS IS SET TO ╙┘╙┼╥╥ $84┬1-$84┬2 ╔├╠┼┴╥ ╓ECTOR FOR A ROUTINE TO CLEAR A REGION OF THE SCREEN, INITIALLY SET TO ├╧╨┘┬3 $84┬3 ─╞╘╔═┼ ─EFAULT DELAY VALUE FOR FLASHING BOXES $84┬4 ├╒╥╞╠╟ ╘EXT CURSOR CONTROL FLAG ┬IT 7 - ┬LINK THE CURSOR ┬IT 6 - ├URSOR IS TURNED ON ┬ITS 0-5 - ┬LINK RATE $84┬5 ├┬╞╠┴╟ ├ONTROL FLAG FOR CLICK BOX ┬IT 7 - ╞LASH THE BOX ┬IT 6 - ╧NLY INVERT THE BOX $84┬6 ╨╧╙╞╠╟ ═OUSE POSITION FLAG, SET BY ╔╥╤╥╘╬ ┬IT 7 - ═OUSE IS BELOW THE BOTTOM OF THE WINDOW, ╫╬┬╧╘, $84┬9 ┬IT 6 - ═OUSE IS ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WINDOW, ╫╬╘╧╨, $84┬8 ┬IT 5 - ═OUSE IS TO THE LEFT OF THE WINDOW, ╫╬╠┼╞╘, $84┬┴-$84┬┬ ┬IT 4 - ═OUSE IS TO THE RIGHT OF THE WINDOW, ╫╬╥╔╘┼, $84┬├- $84┬─ ┬IT 3 - ═OUSE IS OUTSIDE THE MENU, ═╬╘╧╨, ═╬┬╧╘, ═╬╠┼╞╘, ═╬╥╔╘┼, $86├1-$86├6 $84┬7 ╬╒═┼╬╒ ╬UMBER OF MENU LEVELS $84┬8-$84┬─ ╫INDOW SIZE DESCRIPTION $84┬8 ╫╬╘╧╨ ╘OP ROW OF WINDOW $84┬9 ╫╬┬╧╘ ┬OTTOM ROW OF WINDOW $84┬┴-$84┬┬ ╫╬╠┼╞╘ ╠EFT MARGIN OF WINDOW $84┬├-$84┬─ ╫╬╥╔╘┼ ╥IGHT MARGIN OF WINDOW $84┬┼-$84┬╞ ├╒╥╙╪ ╘EXT CURSOR'S ╪ POSITION $84├0 ├╒╥╙┘ ╘EXT CURSOR'S ┘ POSITION $84├1-$84╞╞ ─═╧╒╙┼ ╙PRITE DATA FOR DEFAULT MOUSE $8500 ╒NUSED $8501 ═┴╪╙╨─ ═AXIMUM MOUSE SPEED $8502 ═╔╬╙╨─ ═INIMUM MOUSE SPEED $8503 ┴├├┼╠ ═OUSE'S ACCELERATION RATE $8504 ╦┼┘ ╬EXT KEY FROM KEYBOARD BUFFER, SET BY ╟┼╘╔╬ ═EMORY ═AP 6-5 $8505 ┬╒╘╘╧╬ ├URRENT BUTTON STATUS $00 - ╨RESSED $╞╞ - ╥ELEASED $8506 ═╙─╔╥ ═OUSE'S CURRENT DIRECTION, 0-7,$╞╞ 3 2 1 4 * 0 5 6 7 $8507 ═╙╨┼┼─ ├URRENT MOUSE SPEED $8508-$8509 ╒NUSED $850┴-$850┬ ╥╬─╬╒═ ╥ANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR VALUE $850├-$8514 ╘═╨╞╬╘ ╘EMPORARY STORAGE FOR FONT DATA DURING MENU PROCESSING, COPY OF ╞╧╬╘─╘, LOCATIONS $26-$2┼ $8515 ┴ COUNTER USED BY THE CLICK BOX ROUTINE, WHICH IS DECREMENTED BY THE ╔╥╤ SERVICE ROUTINE IF IT IS NONZERO. ╙EE ┴PPENDIX ╔╓. $8516 ┘┼┴╥ ├URRENT YEAR (0-99) $8517 ═╧╬╘╚ ├URRENT MONTH $8518 ─┴┘ ├URRENT DAY OF THE MONTH $8519 ╚╧╒╥ ├URRENT HOUR $851┴ ═╔╬╒╘┼ ├URRENT MINUTE OF THE HOUR $851┬ ╙┼├╧╬─ ├URRENT SECOND OF THE MINUTE $851├ ╘┼╬╘╚╙ ├URRENT TENTHS OF THE SECOND $851─ ╫╔╬├═─ ├OMMAND BYTE RETURNED BY THE WINDOW PROCESSOR $851┼ ╨├╧╠╧╥ ╨REFERRED COLORS; HIGH NIBBLE FOR THE FOREGROUND COLOR AND LOW NIBBLE FOR THE BACKGROUND COLOR $851╞-$8697 ╙┴╓┬╒╞ ╘EMPORARY STORAGE BUFFER FOR THE WINDOW PROCESSOR; SEE ╫╔╬─╧╫ FOR MORE INFORMATION $8698-$86┬┬ ╒NUSED $86├0 ╬╒═╧╨╘ ╬UMBER OF OPTIONS IN THE CURRENT MENU $86├1-$86├6 ├URRENT MENU SIZE DESCRIPTION $86├1 ═╬╘╧╨ ╘OP ROW OF MENU $86├2 ═╬┬╧╘ ┬OTTOM ROW OF MENU $86├3-$86├4 ═╬╠┼╞╘ ╠EFT MARGIN OF MENU $86├5-$86├6 ═╬╥╔╘┼ ╥IGHT MARGIN OF MENU $86├7-$86├┼ ═╙╘┴├╦ ╙TACK FOR MENU DESCRIPTORS $86├╞-$86─2 ╧╨╘╔╧╬ ═ENU OPTION THAT WAS CLICKED ON, INDEXED BY MENU LEVEL (0-3) $86─3-$86┼1 ╠╔═╔╘╚ ═ENU OPTION BOX LIMITS, EITHER ROW VALUES OR COLUMN HIGH BYTES $86┼2-$86╞0 ╠╔═╔╘╠ ═ENU OPTION BOX LIMITS, COLUMN LOW BYTES $86╞1-$8718 ╘╔═┼╥╙ ╘ABLE OF RUNNING TIMERS, SEE $8755 $8719-$872├ ╘╔═├═─ ╘IMER COMMAND BYTES ┬IT 7 - ┼XECUTE ROUTINE, TIMER REACHED ZERO ┬IT 6 - ─ISABLE ROUTINE EXECUTION, LEAVE TIMER RUNNING ┬IT 5 - ╙TOP TIMER ┬IT 4 - ╙TOP TIMER ═EMORY ═AP 6-6 $872─-$8754 ╘╔═╥╘╬ ╙UBROUTINE ADDRESSES ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TIMER $8755-$877├ ╘╔═╓┴╠ ╔NITIAL VALUES FOR TIMERS, COPIED TO $86╞1 WHEN THE TIMER REACHES ZERO $877─ ╬╒═╘╔═ ╬UMBER OF TIMERS IN TABLE $877┼ ─╠┘╙╨ ╙TACK POINTER FOR DELAY STACK $877╞-$87┴6 ─╠┘╓┴╠ ╘IME DELAY VALUES $87┴7-$87├┼ ─╠┘╥╘╬ ╥ETURN ADDRESSES FOR WHEN THE DELAY TIME HAS EXPIRED $87├╞ ╔╬╨╠┼╬ ╠ENGTH OF USER ENTRY $87─0 ═┴╪╠┼╬ ═AXIMUM LENGTH OF USER ENTRY $87─1-$87─2 ╘═╨╓┼├ ├OPY OF ╔═┴╥╟╬, LOCATIONS $84┴3-$84┴4 $87─3 ═┴╥╞╠╟ ═ARGIN CONTROL FLAG, ┬IT 7 - ╒SER SUPPLIES THE MARGIN EXCEEDED ROUTINE FOR THE WINDOW WITH A LINE OF TEXT, ╔╬╨╒╘ OR WINDOW COMMAND 13 $87─4-$87─6 ├OLUMN AND ROW VARIABLES FOR ╟╥╨╚╔├ PROCESSOR $87─7 ╚┼┴─ ╚EAD OF KEYBOARD QUEUE $87─8 ╘┴╔╠ ╘AIL OF KEYBOARD QUEUE $87─9 ╤╞╠┴╟ ╔F THIS FLAG IS ZERO, THEN THE VALUE OF ╬╪╘╦┼┘, LOCATION $87┼┴, IS PLACED IN THE KEYBOARD QUEUE $87─┴-$87┼9 ╤╒┼╒┼ ╦EYBOARD QUEUE $87┼┴ ╬╪╘╦┼┘ ╬EXT KEY TO BE PLACED IN THE KEYBOARD BUFFER $87┼┬-$87╞2 ╒SED BY KEYBOARD SCAN ROUTINE FOR DEBOUNCING THE KEYBOARD $87╞3-$87╞┴ ╒SED BY KEYBOARD SCAN ROUTINE TO PREVENT MULTIPLE KEY HITS $87╞┬-$8806 ╒SED BY ─╥┴╫├╚ TO MANIPULATE THE FONT BIT STREAMS $8807 ─╫╔─╘╚ ╫IDTH OF PREVIOUS CHARACTER FOR DELETE CHARACTER $8808 ╘EMPORARY STORAGE USED BY THE CLICK BOX ROUTINE $8809 ╘EMPORARY STORAGE USED BY THE CLICK BOX ROUTINE $880┴ ┬┼╠╞╠╟ ┴ NON-ZERO VALUE DISABLES ALARM CHIMES $880┬ ╘EMPORARY STORAGE USED BY THE ╔╥╤ ROUTINE $880├-$884╞ ├┬╘┬╠ ─EFAULT CLICK BOX TABLE USED BY THE WINDOW PROCESSOR; SEE ALSO ├┬╧╪┼╙ $880├ ╬╒═├┬ ╬UMBER OF CLICK BOXES (8 MAXIMUM) $880─-$880┼ ├┬═╙╪ ╪ POSITION OF MOUSE AFTER CLICK BOXES HAVE BEEN DRAWN $880╞ ├┬═╙┘ ┘ POSITION OF MOUSE AFTER CLICK BOXES HAVE BEEN DRAWN $8810-$884╞ ├┬─┼╞╙ ├LICK BOX DEFINITIONS; SEE ├┬╧╪┼╙ $8850-$8851 ╥ETURN ADDRESS OF CALLER TO ╠╧┴─╙╫ $8852 ├OPY OF THE ╙╨ REGISTER FROM ╠╧┴─╙╫ $8853-$8854 ╥ETURN ADDRESS OF CALLER TO ╫╔╬─╧╫ $8855 ├OPY OF THE ╙╨ REGISTER FROM ╫╔╬─╧╫ ═EMORY ═AP 6-7 $8856-$885├ ╒SED BY COMMAND 16 IN ╫╔╬─╧╫ $8856 ╬╒═╞╔╠ ╬UMBER OF FILES FOUND $8857 ╧╞╙┼╘╠ ╠EFT INDENT OF FILE SUBWINDOW $8858 ╧╞╙┼╘─ ─OWN INDENT OF FILE SUBWINDOW $8859-$885┴ ╘┬╠╨╬╘ ╨OINTER TO FILENAME TABLE $885┬ ╞╙╘╞╔╠ ╔NDEX OF FIRST FILE IN THE SUBWINDOW $885├ ╙┼╠╞╔╠ ╔NDEX ON SELECTED FILE $885─ ╨ARAMETER PASSED TO A PROGRAM, COPY OF ─╨┴╟┼, LOCATION $16 $885┼ ├OPY OF THE STATUS REGISTER DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS $885╞ ├OPY OF LOCATION $─01┴ DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS $8860 ├OPY OF ╥6510, LOCATION $01, DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS $8861 ├OPY OF LOCATION $─015 DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATION $8862 ├OPY OF LOCATION $──00 BEFORE SENDING ╘URBODOS $8863-$8866 ├OMMAND BUFFER FOR ╘URBODOS $8867 ├OPY OF LOCATION $──00 WITH SERIAL LINES CLEARED $8868 ├OPY OF LOCATION $──00 WITH CLOCK LINE SET $8869 ╘╥┘1 ╘RY COUNTER FOR DISK READ/WRITE OPERATIONS $886┴ ─╙╘┴╘ ─ISK STATUS BYTE READ BY ╘URBODOS $886┬ ╠─╞╠┴╟ ╠OAD FLAG ┬IT 0 - ─O NOT RUN THE APPLICATION BEING LOADED; USE ╠─┴─╥╙ LOCATIONS $886├-$886─ AS LOAD ADDRESS $886├-$886─ ╠─┴─╥╙ ┴LTERNATE FILE LOAD ADDRESS $886┼ ╥EPORTS WHICH DRIVE IS BEING SEARCHED $00 - LOGGED DISK $╞╞ - CHECKING OTHER DRIVE $886╞-$8874 ╒SED BY ╓╠╔╥ FILE ROUTINES $886╞ ─╘╥┴├╦ ╘RACK NUMBER OF ╓╠╔╥ FILE DIRECTORY ENTRY $8870 ─╙┼├╘╥ ╙ECTOR NUMBER OF ╓╠╔╥ FILE DIRECTORY ENTRY $8871-$8872 ╓─╔╥╨╘ ╔NDEX INTO DIRECTORY SECTOR TO ╓╠╔╥ FILE DIRECTORY ENTRY $8873 ╓╘╥┴├╦ ╘RACK NUMBER OF ╓╠╔╥ SECTOR $8874 ╓╙┼├╘╥ ╙ECTOR NUMBER OF ╓╠╔╥ SECTOR $8875 ╘╥┘2 ╘RY COUNTER USED BY ├╫╥╔╘┼ $8876 ╓┼╥╞╠╟ ╓ERIFY FLAG; $00=╬╧, $╞╞=┘┼╙ $8877-$89╞╞ ╒NUSED $8┴00-$8┴3┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #40, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 0 $8┴40-$8┴7┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #41, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 1 $8┴80-$8┴┬┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #42, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 2 $8┴├0-$8┴╞┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #43, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 3 $8┬00-$8┬3┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #44, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 4 $8┬40-$8┬7┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #45, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 5 ═EMORY ═AP 6-8 $8┬80-$8┬┬┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #46, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 6 $8┬├0-$8┬╞┼ ╙PRITE DATA BLOCK #47, ╟┼╧╙ SPRITE 7 $8├00-$8╞┼7 ├╧╠─┴╘ ├OLOR RAM FOR HIRES SCREEN $8╞┼8-$8╞╞╞ ╙PRITE POINTERS; USUALLY SET TO 40 TO 47 $9000-$9╞╞╞ ╞IRST SECTION OF THE ╟┼╧╙ ╦ERNAL $┴000-$┬╞3╞ ╙├╥┼╬1 ╨RIMARY HIRES SCREEN $┬╞40-$╞┼7╞ ╙ECOND SECTION OF THE ╟┼╧╙ ╦ERNAL $╞┼80-$╞╞╞9 ╔NPUT DRIVER $╞┼80 ═ASTER RESET FOR THE INPUT DRIVER $╞┼83 ╙ET MOUSE SPEED TO ZERO $╞┼86 ╥EAD INPUT DEVICE $╞╞╞┴-$╞╞╞┬ ╬═╔ VECTOR $╞╞╞├-$╞╞╞─ ╨OWER UP RESET VECTOR $╞╞╞┼-$╞╞╞╞ ╔╥╤ VECTOR ┴PPENDIX ╔ : ╟┼╧╙ ┼RRORS ╔-1 ╟┼╧╙ SUBROUTINES THAT ARE ABLE TO RETURN ERRORS, RETURN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING ERROR NUMBERS IN THE ╪ REGISTER. 2 ╔LLEGAL TRACK OR SECTOR. 3 ─ISK FULL. 5 ╞ILE NOT FOUND. 6 ┴TTEMPT TO DEALLOCATE AN UNALLOCATED BLOCK. 7 ╔LLEGAL ╓╠╔╥ CHAIN NUMBER. 8 ╓╠╔╥ FILE ERROR; ILLEGAL TRACK OR SECTOR SPECIFIED. 9 ╘OO MANY ╓╠╔╥ CHAINS. 10 ╞ILE IS NOT A ╓╠╔╥ FILE. 11 ┼ND OF FILE, FILE TOO LONG. 13 ─EVICE NOT PRESENT. 31 ╫RITE PROTECT IS ON. 32 ╥EAD ERROR, NO SYNC CHARACTER. 35 ─ISK DRIVE ╞─├ ERRORS: 2 ╚EADER BLOCK NOT FOUND. 7 ╓ERIFY ERROR AFTER WRITE. 9 ╚EADER BLOCK CHECKSUM ERROR. 10 ─ATA BLOCK TOO LONG. 11 ╔─ MISMATCH ERROR. 38 ─ISK DRIVE ╞─├ ERRORS: 4 ─ATA BLOCK NOT FOUND. 5 ─ATA BLOCK CHECKSUM ERROR. 39 ╫RITE ERROR. ╙EE ├╫╥╔╘┼. ┴PPENDIX ╔╔ : ╟LOSSARY ╔╔-1 ╘HIS IS A SIMPLE GLOSSARY FOR SOME OF THE TERMS USED IN THIS MANUAL. ┬╧╪ : ┴ RECTANGULAR REGION ON THE HIRES GRAPHIC SCREEN. ├╠╔├╦ : ╘O PRESS THE BUTTON. ╒SUALLY USED TO SELECT THE OPTION BEING POINTED TO BY THE MOUSE. ├╠╔├╦ ┬╧╪ : ┴ SPECIAL CONTROL STRUCTURE THAT APPEARS AS A BOX ON THE SCREEN. ╘HIS BOX IS CAPABLE OF BEING CLICKED ON WITH THE MOUSE. ╫HEN THE BOX IS CLICKED ON, SOME OPERATION OCCURS. ├╒╥╙╧╥ : ╘HE TEXT CURSOR THAT APPEARS WHEN THE USER IS ASKED TO TYPE SOMETHING IN ON THE KEYBOARD. ╔T APPEARS AS A THIN VERTICAL BAR. ─╧╒┬╠┼ ├╠╔├╦ : ╘O CLICK TWICE ON AN OPTION. ╘HIS IS USED AS A VERIFICATION METHOD, MAKING SURE THAT THE USER WISHES TO PERFORM THAT OPERATION. ╞╧╬╘ : ─ATA THAT REPRESENTS THE GRAPHICAL IMAGE OF A CHARACTER SET. ╔╬╞╧ ╙┼├╘╧╥ (╔╬╞╧╥═┴╘╔╧╬ ╙┼├╘╧╥) : ┴ SECTOR ON THE DISK ASSOCIATED WITH A FILE. ╘HIS CONTAINS SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE ASSOCIATED FILE, IE. ICON IMAGE, LOAD ADDRESS, CLASS, AUTHOR AND TEXT FIELD. ╙EE CHAPTER 5. ╔╬╠╔╬┼ ─┴╘┴ : ╘HIS RELATES TO DATA THAT IS IN THE MIDDLE OF A REGION OF MACHINE CODE. ╘HE DATA IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWS THE SUBROUTINE CALL AND CONTROL RETURNS TO THE INSTRUCTION FOLLOWING THE DATA. ╘HIS RELIEVES THE USER OF THE BURDEN OF SETTING UP THE INPUT PARAMETERS TO A SUBROUTINE THAT IS SELDOMLY CALLED OR WHOSE DATA DOES NOT CHANGE. ╙EE ╨╞╔╠╠2 FOR AN EXAMPLE OF INLINE DATA. ╔╬╓┼╥╘ : ╘O CHANGE THE PIXELS ON THE HIRES SCREEN FROM BACKGROUND TO FOREGROUND, OR FROM FOREGROUND TO BACKGROUND. ═┼═╧╥┘ ╙╫┴╨╨╔╬╟ : ╒SED BY DESK ACCESSORIES TO SAVE THE MEMORY THAT THEY WOULD NORMALLY RESIDE IN. ╘HIS ALLOWS THEM TO BE USED FROM WITHIN APPLICATIONS BECAUSE THE APPLICATION'S MEMORY IS RESTORED WHEN THE DESK ACCESSORY IS FINISHED. ═┼╬╒ : ┴ LIST OF OPTIONS FOR THE USER TO SELECT FROM. ┴ MENU CAN BE EITHER HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL. ╟ENERALLY, THE MAIN MENU IS HORIZONTAL AND THE SUBMENUS ARE VERTICAL. ═╧╒╙┼ : ╘HE LITTLE ARROW THAT IS CONTROLLED BY THE JOYSTICK OR OTHER INPUT DEVICE. ╥┼├╒╥╥╔╬╟ ╘╔═┼─ ┼╓┼╬╘ : ╘HIS IS A SUBROUTINE THAT IS TO BE EXECUTED EVERY SO OFTEN. ╘HE AMOUNT OF TIME BETWEEN EXECUTIONS IS STORED. ╘HE INTERRUPT ROUTINES DECREMENT THE TIMERS EVERY SIXTIETH OF A SECOND. ╫HEN THE TIMER REACHES ZERO, THE ╟┼╧╙ MAIN ┴PPENDIX ╔╔ : ╟LOSSARY ╔╔-2 LOOP CALLS THE APPROPRIATE ROUTINE. ╘HIS ALLOWS SEVERAL THINGS TO SEEM TO HAPPEN SIMULTANEOUSLY. ╔T IS THE BEGINNINGS OF MULTITASKING. ╙╦┼╫ ╞┴├╘╧╥ : ╘HIS IS THE NUMBER OF SECTOR TO SKIP OVER WHEN LOOKING FOR CONSECUTIVE SECTORS FOR A FILE. ╔T IS 8 FOR ╘URBODOS AND 10 FOR ─╧╙. ╘HE REASON FOR USING A SKEW FACTOR IS EFFICIENCY. ╔F PHYSICALLY CONSECUTIVE SECTORS WERE USED, THE DISK DRIVE WOULD HAVE TO WAIT FOR A COMPLETE REVOLUTION OF THE DISK BETWEEN EACH SECTOR READ. ╘HE SKEW FACTOR IS SET SO THAT THIS IS NOT NECESSARY. ┴ SKEW FACTOR IS SET TO A VALUE SUCH THAT BY THE TIME THE COMPUTER HAS PROCESSED A SECTOR, THE NEXT SECTOR IS ON POSITION TO BE READ. ╙╘╥╔╬╟ : ┴ SEQUENCE OF BYTES TERMINATED BY A ZERO BYTE. ╒SUALLY USED FOR REPRESENTING TEXT. ╘╒╥┬╧─╧╙ : ╘HE SPECIAL DISK ROUTINES USED BY ┬ERKELEY ╙OFTWORKS TO SPEED UP DISK ACCESS. ╓╠╔╥ : ╓ARIABLE ╠ENGTH ╔NDEX ╥ECORD, A TREE STRUCTURED FILE STRUCTURE. ╨RESENTLY ╟┼╧╙ LIMITS FILES TO 127 OF THESE RECORDS. ╫╔╬─╧╫ : ┴ SPECIAL CONTROL STRUCTURE THAT APPEARS AS A LARGE BOX ON THE SCREEN, USUALLY WITH A SHADOW. ╘HIS CONTROL STRUCTURE IS USED TO ELICIT SOME FORM OF USER INPUT OR SELECTION. ┌┼╥╧ ┬┘╘┼ : ┴ SINGLE BYTE WITH THE VALUE OF ZERO. ┴PPENDIX ╔╔╔ : ╞ILL ╨ATTERNS ╔╔╔-1 0 1 2 3 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔* * * * ╔ ╔* ** *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔* * * * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔* ** *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔* * * * ╔ ╔* ** *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔* * * * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔* ** *╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 4 5 6 7 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔***** **╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ *** ***╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔**** * *╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔** *** *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔***** **╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ *** ***╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔**** * *╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔** *** *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔***** **╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ *** ***╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔**** * *╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔** *** *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔***** **╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ *** ***╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔**** * *╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔** *** *╔ ╔ ╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 8 9 10 11 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔ *** ***╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ *╔ ╔********╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔** *** *╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔********╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ *** ***╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔********╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔** *** *╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔********╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔* ╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 12 13 14 15 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔* ╔ ╔******* ╔ ╔ *******╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔****** *╔ ╔* ******╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔***** **╔ ╔** *****╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔**** ***╔ ╔*** ****╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔*** ****╔ ╔**** ***╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔** *****╔ ╔***** **╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* ******╔ ╔****** *╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ *******╔ ╔******* ╔ ╔* * ╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ┴PPENDIX ╔╔╔ : ╞ILL ╨ATTERNS ╔╔╔-2 16 17 18 19 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔********╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔ *** ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔** *╔ ╔ * *╔ ╔* ╔ ╔********╔ ╔* ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* * * * ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ ╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 20 21 22 23 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔* ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ **╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ *** *╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ ** ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ ** ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ *╔ ╔ *╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 24 25 26 27 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔***** ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ *** * ╔ ╔* ╔ ╔* * * * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ * *╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * * * ╔ ╔ * ***╔ ╔ ***** ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* * * * ╔ ╔* ****╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔********╔ ╔ * ***╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ *** *╔ ╔*** **╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 28 29 30 31 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ╔ * ╔ ╔ *** ***╔ ╔* ******╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔* * *╔ ╔ ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔* ****╔ ╔* ******╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔* ****╔ ╔* ******╔ ╔ * * * ╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔ *** ***╔ ╔* ** ╔ ╔ * * * *╔ ╔* * ╔ ╔* ** ╔ ╔* ** ╔ ╔ * * * ╔ ╔ * *╔ ╔***** ╔ ╔* ** ╔ ╔ * * ╔ ╔ * ╔ ╔***** ╔ ╔* ** ╔ ╔ * ╔ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ┴PPENDIX ╔╓ : ╨ROGRAMMING ╬OTES ╔╓-1 ╘HIS SECTION CONTAINS SOME INFORMATION ON WRITING PROGRAMS UNDER THE ╟┼╧╙ OPERATING SYSTEM. ╔T IS IMPORTANT THAT ALL ╟┼╧╙ PROGRAMS HAVE AN INFORMATION SECTOR. ╔F ONE IS MISSING, THEN ─┼╙╦╘╧╨ WILL NOT ALLOW YOU TO OPEN THE DISK (╔T NEEDS THE ICON DATA). ╘HEREFORE, TO CREATE ╟┼╧╙ PROGRAMS, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT A SMALL ┬┴╙╔├-┴SSEMBLY LANGUAGE SHELL BE ADDED TO THE BEGINNING OF A USER'S PROGRAM. ╘HIS SHELL WILL CONSIST OF A ┬┴╙╔├ ╙┘╙ STATEMENT AND SOME ASSEMBLY CODE TO DELETE THE FILE (╒SE ─┼╠┼╘┼) AND RESAVE THE FILE AS A ╟┼╧╙ FILE (╒SE ╙┴╓┼). ┴FTER HAVING DONE THIS, FOR COMPLETENESS, THE INFO SECTOR THAT IS IN MEMORY SHOULD BE REWRITTEN BECAUSE ╙┴╓┼ WILL CLEAR THE TEXT FIELD. ┴LSO THE DIRECTORY SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO INCLUDE THE PROPER TIME AND DATE OF FILE CREATION (╒SE ╠╧╧╦╒╨ AND ╫╥╔╘┼). ┴FTER ALL THIS HAS BEEN DONE, A CALL TO ╔╬╔╘01 AND ╥┼╙╘╥╘ WILL RESTART ╟┼╧╙. ╘HE ├╧╬╓┼╥╘ PROGRAM BY ┬╙╫ DOES NOT CONVERT ITSELF IN THIS WAY. ╔T IS DESIGNED SO THAT THE INFORMATION SECTOR IS EXACTLY IN THE LAST DISK SECTOR OF THE FILE. ╔T THEN MODIFIES THE SECTOR LINKS OF THE LAST TWO SECTORS AND CHANGES THE DIRECTORY ENTRY FOR CONVERT. ╘HIS LEAVES THE CONVERSION CODE AS PART OF THE FINAL PROGRAM; THE METHOD OUTLINED ABOVE DOES NOT. ┴NOTHER POSSIBILITY IS TO USE THE SAME METHOD AS ┬╙╫, BUT TO MAKE THE INFO SECTOR THE FIRST SECTOR AFTER THE INITIAL SHELL. ╘HEN ONLY 1 SECTOR AND THE DIRECTORY NEED BE MODIFIED, AND SECTORS FOR THE SHELL PROGRAM CAN BE FREED UP. ╘HIS IS ALL UP TO A USER'S DISCRETION. ╔F A PROGRAM WITH A ┬┴╙╔├ START (10 ╙┘╙2061), IS TO USE ╟┼╧╙ IT MUST FIRST DISABLE INTERRUPTS (╙┼╔) AND THEN SET THE SYSTEM TO ALL ╥┴═ BY LOADING LOCATION $01 WITH A VALUE OF $30. ╘HIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE ╟┼╧╙ RESIDES BENEATH THE ├OMMODORE'S ╥╧═S AND ╔/╧ SECTION. ╫HEN ╟┼╧╙ NEEDS TO DO ╔/╧, IT SWITCHES IN THE ╔/╧ PORTS, RELIEVING THE USER OF THIS BURDEN. ┴LSO A CALL TO ╔╬╔╘01 WILL SET THINGS UP SO THAT THE ╟┼╧╙ GRAPHIC SCREEN IS DISPLAYED. ┴PPLICATION PROGRAMS HAVE EVERYTHING SET UP FOR THEM BEFORE THEY ARE RUN. ╘O TERMINATE AN APPLICATION PROPERLY, A ╩═╨ ╥┼╙╘╥╘ IS MADE AT SOME POINT. ╔F THE PROGRAM IS SIMPLY A MENU, LIKE ├ONVERT, THEN A CALL TO ═┼╬╒ AND AN ╥╘╙ IS SUFFICIENT TO BE THE MAIN BODY OF CODE. ╧NE OF THE MENU OPTIONS SHOULD MAKE THE JUMP TO ╥┼╙╘╥╘. ═ORE ON THAT ╥╘╙ LATER. ─ESK ┴CCESSORIES ARE SIMILAR TO APPLICATIONS EXCEPT THAT THEY HAVE THE MEMORY THAT THEY RESIDE IN SAVED TO DISK FIRST. ╘HIS MEANS THAT THEY SHOULD BE RELATIVELY SHORT PROGRAMS. ╘O DECIDE WHETHER SOMETHING SHOULD BE A DESK ACCESSORY OR AN APPLICATION, ONE NEED ONLY DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS NECESSARY TO BE ABLE TO RUN THE PROGRAM FROM WITHIN ANOTHER APPLICATION (IE. LIKE RUNNING ╨HOTO ═ANAGER FROM ╟┼╧PAINT). ─ESK ACCESSORIES ALSO HAVE SOME RESTRICTIONS THAT DO NOT APPLY TO APPLICATIONS. ╔N ORDER FOR A DESK ACCESSORY TO OPEN A WINDOW, THE WINDOW STORAGE AREA ╙┴╓┬╒╞ MUST BE SAVED AND LATER RESTORED. ╘HIS IS BECAUSE ╟┼╧╙ SAVED EVERYTHING BEFORE EXECUTING THE DESK ACCESSORY. ╘O TERMINATE A DESK ACCESSORY, THE VECTOR ╔═┴╔╬ SHOULD BE LOADED WITH ╠─╙╫┴╨ AND AN ╥╘╙ SHOULD BE MADE. ═ORE ON THE ╥╘╙ IN A MOMENT. ┴NOTHER MEANS OF TERMINATING A DESK ACCESSORY IS SIMPLY TO JUMP TO ╠─╙╫┴╨. ╔T IS THE DESK ACCESSORY'S RESPONSIBILITY TO CLEAN UP AFTER ITSELF AND TO TAKE ITSELF OUT OF MEMORY. ┴PPENDIX ╔╓ : ╨ROGRAMMING ╬OTES ╔╓-2 ╘HE ╥╘╙ MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS CAUSES ╟┼╧╙ TO RETURN TO ITS MAIN ROUTINE (═┴╔╬). ╘HIS IS A SIMPLE POLLING LOOP THAT LOOKS FOR THINGS TO DO. ╚ALF OF ╟┼╧╙ IS INTERRUPT DRIVEN AND HALF OF IT IS POLLED. ╔T FIRST CHECKS IF THE USER HAS DONE ANYTHING, IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER: 1) ═OUSE DIRECTION CHANGE, JUMP THROUGH ╔═╙─╔╥ 2) ┬UTTON STATUS CHANGE, JUMP THROUGH ╔┬╒╘╧╬ 3) ╦EY ENTERED FROM KEYBOARD, JUMP THROUGH ╔├╥╚╔╘ 4) ═OUSE OUTSIDE MENU, JUMP THROUGH ╔├╠╙═╬ ╘HEN THE MAIN LOOP LOOKS FOR SOMETHING TO DO BY CHECKING THE RECURRING TIMED EVENTS AND THE DELAYED ROUTINES, EXECUTING THOSE THAT ARE READY. ╘HE MAIN LOOP THEN MAINTAINS THE MEMORY IMAGE OF THE TIME AND DATE AND HANDLES THE ALARM CLOCK. ╞INALLY, IF THERE IS SOMETHING AT ╔═┴╔╬, IT IS CALLED AND THE LOOP STARTS OVER. ╘HE ╔╥╤ INTERRUPT ROUTINE DOES MAINLY ╔/╧ OPERATIONS. ╞IRST IT DECREMENTS LOCATION $8515 IF IT IS NON-ZERO (COUNTER FOR CLICK BOX HANDLER). ╘HEN IT SCANS THE KEYBOARD AND ENTERS ANY DEPRESSED KEYS INTO THE KEYBOARD BUFFER. ╠OCATION $880┴ IS THEN DECREMENTED IF IT IS NON-ZERO (CHIME COUNTER). ╬EXT, A JUMP THROUGH ╔╟╔╥╤ IS MADE TO ╔╥╤╥╘╬. ┴FTER WHICH, A JUMP IS MADE THROUGH ╔╒╔╥╤ TO PROCESS ANY USER ADDITIONS TO THE ╔╥╤ SERVICE ROUTINE. ╘HESE ADDITIONS SHOULD BE FAIRLY SHORT SO AS NOT TO MAKE THE INTERRUPT TAKE TOO LONG. ╞INALLY THE STATUS QUO IS RESTORED AND THINGS GO ON THEIR MERRY WAY. ╘HIS SPECIAL ╨┼╘╙├╔╔ ┴╥├ED VERSION OF THIS ═ANUAL WAS EDITED AND CREATED BY ┼ARL ╟OLDBERG OF THE ├OMMODORE ╒SERS ╟ROUP OF ╦ANSAS ├ITY. 03-─EC-86